Seashore paspalum seeds11/7/2023 The paspalum genome exhibits a high degree of conserved collinearity with that of sorghum. Here, we generate a pseudomolecule level genome assembly for a reference genotype of paspalum (PI 509022), enabling comparative transcriptomic and genomics analysis. The paucity of genetic and genomic investigations may in part result from the challenging reproductive biology of this species paspalum is self-incompatible and is primarily propagated as heterozygous vegetative clones 29, 31. Historically few genetic resources have been available for this species, although a set of genetic maps were recently published 30. Paspalum requires less N to maintain visible health than other grasses employed as turfgrasses in environments where it thrives 29. Paspalum grows primarily in the wild, but breeding efforts have led to the development of turfgrass cultivars for use in areas with high soil salinity, limited access to freshwater, or where turf is irrigated with wastewater 27, 29. Reports suggest that paspalum is tolerant of drought 20, 21, 22, 23, cold stress 24, 25, 26, low light 27, and crude oil contamination 28. It is currently found on saltwater beaches and in other regions of high salinity around the globe 18, 19. Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum-or simply paspalum) is a relative of maize and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor). Some crop wild relatives exhibit degrees of stress tolerance well outside the range observed in their domesticated relatives, and therefore may employ mechanisms not present in the primary germplasm of crops 14. The observations from maize suggest it may be possible to increase the stress tolerance and resource-use efficiency of crops in a manner that is either neutral or beneficial to overall yield potential. A significant portion of the overall increase in maize yields appears to be explained by selection for increased stress tolerance and yield stability since the 1930s 16, 17. Improving the productivity of crop plants per unit of fertilizer applied would increase the profitability of agriculture while decreasing its environmental impact 13, 14, 15. Fertilizer runoff resulting from inefficient uptake or over application can result in damage to both aquatic ecosystems and drinking water quality 9, 10, 11, 12. In the 2015 growing season, these fertilizers accounted for an estimated $5 billion in input costs 7, 8. In the United States Corn Belt alone, 5.6 million tons of N and 2.0 million tons of P have been applied annually to maize fields since 2010 6. Fertilizer costs are often the second largest variable input after seed in rain-fed agricultural systems. Manufacturing N fertilizer is an energy-intensive process 4 and the production of P from mineral sources may peak as early as 2030 5. Today these three crops account for approximately one half of the total harvested staple crop area and total global calorie production as well as greater than one half of total global fertilizer consumption. From 1960 to 2014, the amount of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer applied worldwide increased nine- and five-fold, respectively 1, 2, 3. These yield increases resulted from both breeding and greater availability and application of fertilizer. Among domesticated grasses, the yields of three crops dramatically increased as part of the green revolution: rice ( Oryza sativa), wheat ( Triticum aestivum) and maize ( Zea mays). Nature Communications volume 13, Article number: 7731 ( 2022)ĭomesticated crops from the grass family provide, directly or indirectly, the majority of the total calories consumed by humans around the globe. Genome of Paspalum vaginatum and the role of trehalose mediated autophagy in increasing maize biomass
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